Answer the following
questions:
QUESTION 1
Put false
(X) or true (√) at the front of Five of the following statements:
(20
marks)
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1- Fold
axis can be determined by its trend only.
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( X )
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2- We
should draw fault map and cross section to solve a fault problem.
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( √ )
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3- Conical fold has a circular distribution on Pi
(π) diagram.
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( √ )
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4- The projection of
folds on maps, cross sections and diagrams depend on fold complexity.
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( √ )
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5- Busk´s method uses the circular
arcs to represent the folds on cross section.
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( √ )
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6-
Refolding takes place as a result of single folding phase.
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( X )
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QUESTION 2
Fill in
the spaces of Four of the following statements: (20 marks)
1- The …… rock lineation……. is a metamorphic linear structure.
2- Plunged fold has an inclined …axis…..
3- …Foliation… is a planar fabric has been formed during the metamorphism processes and is used
as an indicator for the degree of pressure and temperature agents of the
metamorphic rocks.
4- …Non-plane.. fold has a curved axial plane.
5- …Cylinderical… fold represents the outer
surface of a cylinder.
QUESTION 3
Choose the correct answer from the brackets
of Four of the following statements: (20 marks)
a-
Fault plane is
determined by its (strike/dip direction and amount –
strike – dip amount).
b-
(Similar – Parallel) folds show parallel bedding planes of
the folded beds.
c-
The mineral lineation
is a (scalar – vector) data.
d-
The strike-parallel
slip component of the fault is called (strike-slip -
diagonal-slip - dip-slip).
e-
Beta (β) diagram is used to
represent the (large – small)
number of fold data.
Answer the following
questions:
QUESTION 1
Put false
(X) or true (√) at the front of Five of the following statements: (20 marks)
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1- σ2
is generally parallel to the strike of normal fault.
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( )
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2- Strain
depends on the rock properties.
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( )
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3- The
structures formed by pure shear have the en echelon arrangement.
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( )
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4- In
the heterogeneous strain, the original straight lines remain straight after
deformation.
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(
)
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5- Strain
analysis requires a knowledge of the original undeformed state of the
rock materials.
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(
)
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6- (λ1) is the
maximum direction of extension in strain ellipsoid.
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( )
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QUESTION 2
Fill in
the spaces of Five of the following statements: (20 marks)
1- σ…> σ….> σ….. in extensional
regime.
2- Volume change during deformation is called ………………………….
strain.
3- Pull-apart basins exist at the ends of …………………….. faults.
4- ……………….. flower structure is formed when the overlap area
between two strike-slip faults subjected to transpression deformation.
5- The brittle deformation in the rocks is represented by …………………………..
6- The …… … is the folding mechanism in which, the upper surface
of the folded bed is subjected to extension whereas its lower surface subjected
to shortening.
QUESTION 3
Choose the correct answer from the brackets
of Five of the following statements: (20 marks)
a-
The lengthening in
the earth's crust is represented by (folds – normal faults – reverse faults).
b-
σ3 has a horizontal
attitude during the formation of (reverse fault – normal fault).
c-
The trace of reverse
fault is aligned normal to the trend of (σ3 – σ1 – σ2).
d-
The tensile rock strength is (lower – higher)
than the compressive rock strength.
e-
The (infinitesimal –
incremental - finite) strain is the
measuring of sum of strain from an initial shape to the final shape.
f-
The (brittle –
ductile) rocks show a wide range of plastic deformation.
Answer TWO of the following questions:
QUESTION 1 (50 marks)
The following are the strikes of vertical dykes
measured in an area:
N13ºW N04ºW N69ºW N11ºW N06ºW
N07ºW
N03ºW N08ºW N14ºW
N53ºE
N36ºW
N09ºW
N08ºW N05ºW N27ºW N16ºE N09ºW N69ºW
N21ºE N08ºW N18ºW N73ºW N18ºW N21ºE
N63ºW N69ºW N63ºW N07ºW N13ºE N18ºW
N05ºW N04ºW N73ºW N63ºW N09ºW N23ºW
1- Construct a histogram of the above data
using 10º intervals?
2- Construct a rose diagram using10º intervals?
3- Determine the dyke sets?
QUESTION 2 (50
marks)
Plunges of two anticlines are A(30/310) and
B(60/030) .
Find the cumulative plunge trend?
QUESTION 3 (50
marks)
The following measured strike (first
number) and dip (second number) of two limbs of a fold :
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049º, 40º SE
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033º, 38ºSE
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025º, 29º, SE
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010º, 47ºE
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N68ºW, 41ºE
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N36ºW,39º NE
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N18ºW, 43º NE
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000º, 32º E
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N86ºW, 28ºN
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N52ºW,29ºNE
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264º, 42º NW
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250º, 36º NW
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1- Plot the
π and β diagrams of the measured data?
2- Classify the fold and determine its components, for each
diagram?
3- Which diagram is the best to describe the fold?
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